Multifunctional artificial nacre via biomimetic matrix-directed mineralization

Natural nacre, one of the most studied biological structural materials with delicate hierarchical structures and extraordinary performance, has inspired the design and fabrication of artificial structural ceramics with high fracture toughness. However, to meet the diverse requirements of different applications, future structural materials must be multifunctional with superior mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, and toughness. Herein, based on the matrix-directed mineralization method for producing biomimetic structural materials, we introduce nanoparticles with different inherent functions into the platelets of artificial nacre via the co-mineralization of aragonite and the nanoparticles. Besides their enhanced mechanical properties, the obtained artificial nacre materials also exhibit different functions depending on the type of the nanoparticles. To extend the versatility of this strategy, the effects of nanoparticles of different sizes and zeta potentials on mineralization are also analyzed. This universal strategy can be applied to the fabrication of other types of functionalized biomimetic structural ceramics that have potential applications in various fields, such as biomedical science.     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

基于长期实测的南京栖霞山长江大桥车辆荷载分析

为准确掌握南京栖霞山长江大桥车辆荷载的统计特性及变化规律,基于该桥动态称重系统记录的2014-2016年数据,研究各车道上不同轴数车辆的分布特点及变化规律,并分析不同轴数车辆各轴轴质量随车质量的变化规律.采用K-means聚类方法对同轴数车辆进行分类,将各类型车辆的轴距、轴质量参数与现行标准进行比较.结果 表明:在大桥所有通行车辆中,二轴车辆为主要类型且所占比例逐年增加,到2016年其通行数量占通行车辆总数的比例为87.42％;5种不同轴数代表车辆中二轴、六轴车辆参数与现行标准相近,与现行标准中三轴、五轴车辆参数相近的车辆不是桥上主要通行车辆类型;各轴数车辆代表轴质量均在轴荷载允许限值内.     

页岩气低伤害超临界CO2凝胶压裂液研究

针对常规水压裂液会对页岩造成伤害，容易产生水锁，不易返排，还造成水资源消耗和污染环境等问题，制备了低伤害二氧化碳凝胶压裂液。将自备的F2EU和F4EU增稠剂加入到超临界CO₂基液中，探究两种增稠剂的加入量对CO₂凝胶压裂液黏度的影响，综合考虑成本与效果，优选了2%的F4EU增稠剂，可将CO₂的黏度增至15.4 mPa·s。研究了温度、压力以及剪切速率对凝胶压裂液黏度的影响。实验结果表明，随着温度升高黏度总体降低，但中间出现一个短暂升高阶段；随着压力上升压裂液黏度增加；随着剪切速率的增加压裂液黏度下降，属于一种典型的剪切变稀的假塑性流体。F4EU超临界CO₂凝胶压裂液的平均伤害率为1.39%，远远小于常规压裂液对岩芯的伤害率。实验表明，F4EU超临界CO₂凝胶压裂液在页岩气压裂开采中具有良好的应用前景。     

剩余类环上多项式的同余性质

设Z/p~nZ是模p~n剩余类环.本文证明了U={f(x)∈Z/p~nZ[x]|f(a)≡0(modp~n),■a∈Z}是自由生成的Z/p~nZ-模,给出了它的一组基,还证明了商环(Z/p~nZ[x])/U是有限环,并通过这组基确定了商环(Z/p~nZ[x])/U中的元素个数.     

微观剩余油赋存状态的矿物学机制探讨——以鄂尔多斯盆地中部中‒低渗砂岩储层为例

针对现阶段微观剩余油研究中可视化精度低、微观剩余油与矿物之间的依存关系不明确以及形态分类描述不完善等问题, 利用岩芯观察、铸体薄片分析、X射线衍射分析等手段, 以场发射环境扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)图像为基础资料, 联合能谱(EDS)分析资料, 研究鄂尔多斯盆地中部长2油层组和长9油层组的微观剩余油分布规律, 并探讨剩余油赋存状态的矿物学机制。结果表明, 微观剩余油的赋存状态由孔隙的大小和形态以及与孔隙相接触的边缘矿物的性质共同决定, 不同类型孔隙对剩余油的赋存能力取决于孔隙边缘矿物的形态、表面粗糙程度、比重和润湿性等物理化学性质。据此, 可将微观剩余油分为残留油团、半自由油岛、半自由油雾、半自由微油团和束缚油5个类型。     

C3N4/ZnO复合材料可见光下的甲醛光电气敏性能

以水热法合成的ZnO纳米棒花为载体,将C_3N_4定量负载在其表面,制备C_3N_4/ZnO复合材料.由于C_3N_4与ZnO的能级匹配,可有效促进其光生电荷的分离,降低光生电荷复合率,显著提高载流子浓度,使其光电流明显增加.C_3N_4与ZnO质量比为2%的样品(2%C_3N_4/ZnO)性能最佳,其光电流在370 nm处可达120μA,为纯ZnO的2.4倍.在室温可见光下,2%C_3N_4/ZnO样品对HCHO的光电气敏响应值可达122%,比纯ZnO高4倍左右.结果表明,适量C_3N_4的负载有效延长了光生电荷的寿命,使ZnO材料在可见光区对HCHO气体表现出高效的光电气敏性能.     

基于风廓线雷达的降水云分类方法在海南地区的应用

将风廓线雷达用于热带降水云体进行垂直探测,可以实时对热带地区降水云体进行较准确分类.通过对海口地区降水云系特征(2017年1月～12月)进行统计分析,提出一套基于风廓线雷达探测数据(回波强度、垂直速度和速度谱宽)的热带降水云体分类方法.以该方法为基础,结合天气雷达等观测资料,对2017年发生在海口地区的两次降水过程展开详细分析.结果表明:风廓线雷达具备较好体现降水云体垂直结构的能力,相比于天气雷达,风廓线雷达探测数据可以更精细地描述降水云系的变化趋势;相比于传统降水分类方案,采用以风廓线雷达探测数据为基础的分类方案可以提高对复杂降水类型识别的正确率;风廓线雷达可以更好地描述快速过境的高空微弱对流系统.     

海南岛人工增雨作业潜力的评估研究

利用中国气象局人工影响天气中心GRAPES-CAMS模式预报产品结合探空资料,使用逐步判断法对人工增雨潜力进行分级预报,评估海南岛人工增雨作业潜力分布.通过2个实例分析表明,该方法可以较为准确地评估海南岛人工增雨潜力,从而帮助作业指挥人员确定该区域的可播性,科学指导市县开展人工增雨作业,提高人工增雨作业的针对性.     

基于LabVIEW虚拟同步积分器的设计

LabVIEW是一种用图标代替文本行创建应用程序的图形化编程语言。它采用的数据流的思想和图形化的编程语言,极大地提高了编程的效率,从而能够方便快捷地设计虚拟仪器。设计了一种基于LabVIEW的虚拟同步积分器,利用LabVIEW软件提供的控件和函数,设计了两种虚拟同步积分器的信号处理方法,即直接法和间接法。虚拟同步积分器可用于以同步积分器及微弱信号检测为核心内容的实验教学,不仅能在一定程度上缓解实验教学的仪器压力,同时能够加深学生对理论知识的理解。随着虚拟实验技术的成熟,以虚拟仪器为基础构建的新型实验室将有助于实现开放的实验教学。